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✍Vedamurthi Manjulagiri Venkataramana Bhatta
Hindu calendar has a system that connects lunar months with the movement of the Sun. Two special types of months are known as Adhika Masa and Kshaya Masa. Here is a simple explanation of these traditional calendar terms.
What Is Adhika Masa?
Adhika Masa means an additional month. According to the traditional definition, if no Sankranti occurs from the beginning to the end of a lunar month, that month is called Adhika Masa.
In other words, the Sun does not enter a new zodiac sign during that entire lunar month. Such a month is therefore treated as an additional month in the traditional calendar system.
What Is Kshaya Masa?
Kshaya Masa means a month that is considered to have been reduced or omitted in the calendar cycle. According to the traditional definition, if two Sankrantis occur within the same lunar month, that month is called Kshaya Masa.
Thus, the occurrence of Sankranti is the key factor in distinguishing these special months.
What Is Sankranti?
Sankranti refers to the Sun's transition from one zodiac sign to another. The occurrence or absence of Sankranti during a lunar month is therefore important in identifying Adhika Masa and Kshaya Masa.
In Simple Terms
| Type | Traditional definition |
|---|---|
| Adhika Masa | No Sankranti occurs during the entire lunar month |
| Kshaya Masa | Two Sankrantis occur within the same lunar month |
These terms are part of the traditional Indian calendar system and are understood through the relationship between lunar months and solar transitions.
ಅಧಿಕಮಾಸ ಹಾಗೂ ಕ್ಷಯಮಾಸಗಳೆಂದರೇನು?
ಯಾವ ಮಾಸದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಾರಂà²à²¦ಿಂದ ಕೊನೆಯವರೆಗೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಸಂಕ್ರಾಂತಿಯು ಪ್ರವೇಶವಾಗದಿದ್ದರೆ ಆ ಮಾಸಕ್ಕೆ ಅಧಿಕ ಮಾಸವೆಂದು ಹೆಸರು. ಒಂದೇ ತಿಂಗಳ ಅವಧಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡು ಸಂಕ್ರಾಂತಿಗಳು ಬಂದರೆ ಆ ಮಾಸಕ್ಕೆ ಕ್ಷಯ ಮಾಸವೆನ್ನುತ್ತಾರೆ.
| ವೇದಮೂರ್ತಿ ಮಂಜುಳಗಿರಿ ವೆಂಕಟರಮಣ à²à²Ÿ್ಟ
Note: This article presents the traditional Indian calendar system and linguistic interpretation of the original Sanskrit verse as explained by Vedamurthi Manjulagiri Venkataramana Bhatta. It is shared for educational and cultural understanding of the traditional teaching.
Keywords: Adhika Masa, Kshaya Masa, Hindu calendar, lunar month, Sankranti, Indian calendar, Citizen News Puttur